Tag: Science

Monthly Research Review – December 2024

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during December 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

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So, what happened during December 2024?

In world news:

December 8th – The President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, fled Damascus after being overthrown, ending his presidency and the Ba’athist Syria regime after a total of 61 years. The Syrian opposition forms the Syrian Transitional Government as a provisional government.

 

December 11th – FIFA announces that Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay will jointly host the 2030 Football World Cup (while Saudi Arabia is confirmed as the host for 2034).

 

December 12th – Indian chess prodigy Gukesh Dommaraju defeats former world champion Ding Liren in the 2024 World Chess Championship, breaking the previous age record of 22 set by Garry Kasparov by becoming champion at 18 years, 195 days old.

 

December 13th – A new light-induced gene therapy using nanoparticles to target the mitochondria of cancer cells is demonstrated (Click here to read more about this).

 

December 24th – The Parker Solar Probe flew to within 3.8 million miles (6.1 million kilometers) of the surface of the sun – this placed it within the sun’s corona, or atmosphere. It was also believed to be traveling at 430,000 mph (692,000 kph) during its passage of the corona – a new record for fastest man-made object (Click here to read more about this).

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In December 2024, there were 1,085 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (12,132 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 6 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – December 2024” →

Monthly Research Review-November 2024

~ Simon ~ Leave a comment

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during November 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during November 2024?

In world news:

November 5th – Donald Trump was elected for a second non-consecutive term as President of the United States of America – the first candidate to be so since Grover Cleveland in 1892.

 

November 11th – COP29 began in Baku (Azerbaijan) with the ignominious and farcical spectacle of the event’s chief executive, Elnur Soltanov, being recorded on a zoom call discussing investment opportunities in the state oil and gas company. And this is the “leadership“. Could we please stop with COP – what good does it serve??? 

 

November 21st – The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, and Hamas military leader Mohammed Deif on accusations of war crimes committed during the Israel–Hamas War (all very happy news this month).

 

November 21st – The first close-up image of a star outside the Milky Way is reported, using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The star WOH G64 is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light years away, and is shown to be surrounded by a torus-shaped cloud.

 

November 26th – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announces that a ceasefire deal has been agreed to end fighting with Hezbollah in Lebanon (meanwhile, military operations continue in Gaza…).

 

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In November 2024, there were 1,084 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (11,047 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 5 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review-November 2024” →

Monthly Research Review – October 2024

~ Simon ~ 2 Comments

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during October 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during October 2024?

In world news:

October 2nd – Scientists announce the first ever complete mapping of the entire brain of a fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, with a detail of 50 million connections between more than 139,000 neurons (Click here to read more about this).

 

October 10th – The 14km Lower Thames Crossing to connect Kent and Essex (first proposed in 2009) was delayed by ministers again despite over £800m being spent on planning to date (Note: that the 25km Norwegian Laerdal tunnel, connecting Oslo and Bergen, only cost £140m total, adjusted for inflation – click here to read more about this).

 

October 13th – SpaceX achieved the first successful return and capture of a Super Heavy booster from Starship, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever to fly:

 

October 24th – Researchers have developed the world’s first non-electrical soft touchpad, sensing the force, area and location of contact without electricity (Click here and here to read more about this).

 

October 30th – The UK chancellor of the exchequer, Rachel Reeves, delivered the first budget of the new Labour government to the House of Commons, describing it as a budget to “rebuild Britain”, the budget focused mainly on raising public spending, taxation, and government borrowing. A budget for growth???

 

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In October 2024, there were 991 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (9,963 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 5 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – October 2024” →

What drug can make a wither’d palsy cease to shake?

~ Simon ~ 3 Comments

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When considering the development of new drugs for Parkinson’s, it is often forgotten how much of a struggle it was to get levodopa – the current ‘gold standard’ treatment for Parkinson’s – approved for clinical use.

After some initially very encouraging results (replicated by three independent labs), the agent struggled to move forward as the broader research community presented mixed and conflicting findings (including two randomised, double-blinded studies that showed no positive effects at all).

Drug development is never a straightforward path.

Rather it is a process of trial-and-error, with iterative steps in our understanding about the biology of diseases aiding us on the journey.

In today’s post, we will look back at the roller-coaster ride that was the early development of levodopa as a therapy for Parkinson’s.

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Source: Alpha-Sense

“Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers”

The development of a new treatment for any medical condition is hard.

Correction.

Let me rephrase that.

The development of a new treatment for any medical condition is EXTREEEEMELY hard.

We live in a wonderful age where anything seems medically possible. From the rapid development of vaccines for novel pandemic viral outbreaks to gene therapy treatments that are helping children with spinal muscular atrophy to walk, it is wonderous what can be achieved. It is an epoch in which we have built up a huge arsenal of medications that defend us against many of the pathogens of the world and help to treat the symptoms of a wide range of conditions. Some of these therapies have such remarkable biological properties that they are used in the treatment of more than one condition. And in this amazing reality, we have begun to develop treatments that don’t just deal with the symptoms of a condition, but stop the disease in its tracks.

Given this circumstance, it is all to easy to take for granted the long and arduous process that was required for each of those therapies to get to the point where they are being used in clinical settings. After the thousands of hours of preclinical research, the clinical trial process takes an additional extended period of time, and it is never a straight line. And in a world where western society has developed high expectations for immediate gratification, it is important to sometimes reflect on just how hard the development of novel therapies can be.

A good case study of the difficulties associated with drug development is the early clinical investigations into the use of levodopa for Parkinson’s.

Continue reading “What drug can make a wither’d palsy cease to shake?” →

In the vacinity of a vaccine

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Researchers have been developing vaccines for Parkinson’s in the hope of not only treating individuals currently affected by the condition, but also limiting the incidence of the condition in future generations.

Some of these vaccines are being clinically tested and the results are encouraging.

In today’s post, we will review clinical trial results recently published by a biotech company called Vaxxinity and what comes next for the field.

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Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Source: NationalTrust

The return of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (née Pierrepont) to England in 1721 represented a monumental – but little appreciated moment – in Western medical history.

Five years earlier, her husband Edward Wortley Montagu had been appointed Ambassador to the Ottoman empire, and they had moved to Constantinople (now Istanbul). In March 1717, the 27 year old Mary – whose only brother had died from smallpox – witnessed the practice of inoculation against smallpox called variolation, which she herself called “engrafting” when she wrote home about it in her letters.

Source: Guardian

Variolation was the method of inoculation used to immunize individuals against smallpox (Variola) with material taken from a patient (or a recently variolated individual), in the hope that a mild infection would result and provide protection. Only 1–2% of those variolated died from the induced infection, but this was much better than the >30% who contracted smallpox naturally.

In 1718, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu asked that her five-year-old son, Edward be inoculated against smallpox, and after the procedure, wrote to her husband:

“The boy was engrafted last Tuesday, and is at this time singing and playing, and very impatient for his supper” (Source)

And before they left Turkey in 1721, she had her daughter Mary inoculated as well. Mary and her brother were the first English people to be immunized against a disease. Upon her return to London, she enthusiastically promoted the idea of variolation. Unfortunately she encountered a great deal of resistance from the medical establishment, and the idea didn’t really catch on.

This is very interesting, but what does this have to do with Parkinson’s?

Continue reading “In the vacinity of a vaccine” →

Monthly Research Review – September 2024

~ Simon ~ Leave a comment

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during September 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during September 2024?

In world news:

3rd September – An analysis of 63 studies from 1994 to 2022 conducted by Australian researchers and commissioned by the World Health Organization found that mobile phones are not linked to brain and head cancers (Click here and here to read more about this).

 

12th September – The first commercial spacewalk is conducted by entrepreneur Jared Isaacman as part of the Polaris Dawn mission, which also includes the highest altitude orbit by a human crew since the Apollo program.

 

20th September – UK debt hits 100% of GDP, the highest level since 1960s (and that figure doesn’t include the unfunded pension schemes of teachers, police, nurses/doctors, and other public sector workers – click here to read more about this).

 

26th September – Hurricane Helene, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Maria in 2017, makes landfall in Florida as a category four hurricane.

September 30 – The UK becomes the first G7 country to phase out coal power for electric generation, after 142 years of using the energy source (Source).

 

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In September 2024, there were 1,044 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (8,972 for all of 2023 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 5 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – September 2024” →

A bit of ADLL for RBD

~ Simon ~ 9 Comments

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People diagnosed with REM sleep behavior disorder (or RBD) have a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s. RBD is a sleep condition in which the affected individual physically acts out their dreams as they sleep. 

Usually when we are dreaming, our bodies become momentarily paralysed. But sufferers of RBD loss this ability and begin moving about in bed, reacting to their dreams.

Recently, researchers have been testing a treatment for vertigo (called Tanganil) in people with RBD, and the results of a small pilot study are rather remarkable.

In today’s post, we will look at what RBD is, what the new pilot study found, and what this could mean for Parkinson’s.

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Dreaming. Source: Psypost

When we sleep, our brain (and body) pass through different phases of slumber. In general, there are two broad segments of sleep:

  1. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and
  2. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

And we pass through these phases in a wave-like cycles across the night:

Stages of sleep. Source: Wikipedia

In addition, there are different stages that make up the NREM sleep parts of these cycles (stage 1-4, on the left hand side of the image above), which we pass through on our way down to stage 4 and back again.

These stages exhibit different patterns of brain activity, which – when recorded – look like this:

Brain activity during stages of sleep. Source: Homesteadschools

The brain is most active during REM sleep, and this is the period during which we dream. The first period of REM sleep begins about 90 minutes after you fall asleep. It typically lasts for approximately 10 minutes. Each period of REM sleep for the rest of the night gets longer and longer.

When we dream, there are cells in the brainstem region of the central nervous system that inhibit our ability to move. So while we may be dreaming of being a Hollywood action movie star at the Oscars, or perhaps walking on the moon, or maybe turning up at your high school reunion naked, our bodies are momentarily paralysed. One assumes that this mechanism has evolved within our species over time for our own safety – to prevent us from hurting ourselves or others. It is interesting to note that the phenomenon of sleepwalking occurs during the deeper states of NREM sleep when we are not temporarily paralysed (source).

This is very interesting, but what does it have to do with Parkinson’s?

Continue reading “A bit of ADLL for RBD” →

Monthly Research Review – August 2024

~ Simon ~ Leave a comment

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during August 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during August 2024?

In world news:

11th August – President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announces that the Ukrainian military is conducting a cross-border offensive inside Russia’s western Kursk Oblast. Russia says that 76,000 people have been evacuated from the region.

 

12th August – Liquid water is confirmed below the surface of Mars at depths of 10 to 20 km (6.2 to 12.4 miles), based on a new analysis of data from NASA’s InSight lander (Click here to read more about this).

 

14th August – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares mpox a public health emergency of international concern for the second time in two years, following the spread of the virus in African countries.

 

23rd August – BNT116, the world’s first mRNA lung cancer vaccine, begins a Phase I clinical trial in seven countries (Click here to read more about this).

 

28th August – The 2024 Summer Paralympics begin in Paris, France.

 

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In August 2024, there were 1,088 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (7,928 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 5 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – August 2024” →

Monthly Research Review – July 2024

~ Simon ~ Leave a comment

# # # #

At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during July 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during July 2024?

In world news:

1st July – The “Supreme Court” of the United States of America ruled in a 6–3 decision that US presidents have absolute immunity for acts committed as president within their core constitutional purview, at least presumptive immunity for official acts within the outer perimeter of their official responsibility, and no immunity for unofficial acts (What could possibly go wrong with this…)

 

4th July – 2024 United Kingdom general election: Sir Keir Starmer lead the Labour Party to a landslide victory, returning the party to government for the first time in 14 years. Incumbent Conservative Prime Minister Rishi Sunak resigned as the leader of the party the next day, with Starmer taking office.

 

5 July – The first mouse model with a complete, functional human immune system is demonstrated (Click here to read more about this).

 

19th July – A global IT outage occurred, affecting 8.5 million Microsoft Windows devices and causing widespread disruptions to businesses and governments. The outage was caused by a faulty update from cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike

 

21st July – Incumbent United States President Joe Biden ends his candidacy in the 2024 United States presidential election.

 

26th July – The 2024 Summer Olympics started with a bang in Paris, France.

 

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In July  2024, there were 901 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (6,840 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 7 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – July 2024” →

Monthly Research Review – June 2024

~ Simon ~ Leave a comment

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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during June 2024.

The post is divided into 10 parts based on the type of research:

# # # #

So, what happened during June 2024?

In world news:

1st June – The 2024 Indian general election, which began on April 19, concludes with the  BJP party losing its outright majority, but its electoral alliance, the National Democratic Alliance, retains its majority. 642 million voters participated in the election.

 

4th June – Two days after the China National Space Administration’s Chang’e 6 spacecraft lands on the far side of the Moon, it lifts off carrying samples of lunar soil and rocks to bring back to Earth (the samples successfully reached Earth on the 25th June).

 

14th June – The UEFA Euro 2024 start in Germany, and is ultimately won by Spain on the 14th July.

 

20th June – Following a surge in population of the Iberian lynx – from 62 mature individuals in 2001 to 648 in 2022 – the International Union for Conservation of Nature removes the animal from its “endangered” list, classing the animal as “vulnerable” instead.

 

24th June – WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange leaves the United Kingdom after being freed from prison in a plea deal with the United States. He returns to his native Australia two days later.

In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:

In June 2024, there were 1098 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (5,939 for all of 2024 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).

The top 6 pieces of Parkinson’s news

Continue reading “Monthly Research Review – June 2024” →