Tagged: study
WPC 2019 – Day 0
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Every three years the Parkinson’s community – patients, families, researchers, and clinicians – comes together to learn from each other, discuss where we are, and explore where we should be going. The World Parkinson’s Congress (or WPC) is a very special event – rather unique in the world of conferences and scientific meetings. The WPC meeting which is being held in Kyoto is the first one I have attended, and in today’s post, I will share what I observed on Day 0, and my impressions/thoughts of those observations.
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The SoPD is at the 2019 World Parkinson’s Congress being held in Kyoto this year.
For the sake of those who are unable to be here, I will endeavour (famous last words coming up) to provide some of my impressions and observations of what is happening at the meeting on each day. We have previously discussed what the World Parkinson’s Congress is (Click here to read that post), so this post is literally just what happened each day.
And this is my first time attending the WPC, so any comments here will be coming from a novice. And I have been told by many individuals that WPC is not like other conferences.
Apparently, WPC is very special.
Monthly Research Review – May 2019
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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during May 2019. The post is divided into seven parts based on the type of research:
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So, what happened during May 2019?
In world news:
8th May – A British teenager, Isabelle Holdaway (below), aged 17, was reported to be the first patient ever to receive a genetically modified phage therapy to treat an antibiotic-resistant infection (Click here to read the research report and click here to read the press release).
9th May – The Reserve Bank of Australia acknowledged an unfortunate spelling error (“Responsibil_ty”) on 400 million new $50 notes. There is currently $2.3 billion of these notes in circulations (Click here to read more about this).
May 24 – British Prime Minister Theresa May announced her resignation as Conservative leader, effective 7 June 2019.
30th May – Physicists reported that they have teleported a computer circuit instruction – known as a quantum logic operation – between two separated ions (electrically charged atoms), providing an example of how quantum computer programs could carry out tasks in future large-scale quantum networks (Click here to read more about this, and click here to read the press release).
In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:
In May 2019, there were 828 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (3742 for all of 2019 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).
The top 5 pieces of Parkinson’s news
Remembering Tom
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On 31st May in 2017, Tom Isaacs – one of the co-founder of the the Cure Parkinson’s Trust – passed away suddenly. It was a terrible shock for the Parkinson’s community, many of whom saw Tom as a leader of advocacy efforts. In today’s post, two years after his passing, we remember Tom.
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Tom Isaacs
In 1996 – at just 27-years of age – Tom Isaacs, a London-based surveyor, was diagnosed with Parkinson’s. After dealing with the initial shock of it all, Tom embraced his situation and became a committed, (utterly) tireless activist.
He firstly walked the entire coastline of the UK to raise money and awareness for Parkinson’s. His book, “Shake well before use“, discusses that trip and his journey in adapting to life with Parkinson’s. It is a wonderful read – not only providing an intimate insight into the trials and tribulations of the condition, but also offering glimpses into the brilliant wit and humor of the man himself.
Upon returning from his epic walk, Tom (along with three other gentlemen with Parkinson’s) founded and set up the Cure Parkinson’s Trust.
Parkinson’s UK: Golden anniversary
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On the 26 February (1969), Mali Jenkins founded ‘The Parkinson’s Disease Society’ (now Parkinson’s UK) in a one-room office in Putney, London. The Society initially had 3 aims:
This year (2019) represents the 50th anniversary of the organisation. In today’s post, we will discuss how the organisation has grown and where they are heading to in the future.
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Source: Parkinson’s foundation
In 2017, the SoPD missed a trick.
We should have observed the 60th Anniversary of the Parkinson’s Foundation.
It is a fantastic resource for the Parkinson’s community, and it has a particularly interesting history as it started in two different places at basically the same time.
Que?
In 2016, the National Parkinson Foundation merged with the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation to form the Parkinson’s Foundation.
The Parkinson’s Disease Foundation was started in 1957 by businessman William Black – founder of a New York restaurant business, Chock Full O’Nuts.
William Black. Source: NYTimes
He started the Foundation after discovering that his controller and close friend had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s.
Mr. Black used his own money to establish the Foundation and funded the initiation of a major research center for Parkinson’s at Columbia University medical school.
At the same time that Mr Black was going about his good work, in Miami (Florida), Mrs. Jeanne C. Levey founded the National Parkinson Foundation after her husband was diagnosed with the condition.
For 22 years, until her death at age 92, Mrs. Levey nurtured the Foundation and watched it grow.
The lady in the middle is Jeanne Levey. Source: Gerald R. Ford Museum
These foundations served as two of the primary support services for people with Parkinson’s in the USA until their merger in 2016.
Anyways, having slipped up in 2017 and missed an opportunity, we will try to be more vigilant of anniversaries going forward.
That said, it is time to apologise for not acknowledging the 50th anniversary of Parkinson’s UK earlier this year.
When did Parkinson’s UK start?
When disco-needs-ya, can gene therapy help ya?
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With the recent announcement that the STEADY-PD III/Isradipine clinical trial did not reach its primary end point (that of slowing the progression of Parkinson’s), the winds of change have shifted with calls for a focus on biomarkers and better treatments, rather than disease modification. Recently, researchers at Michigan State University have reported a novel experimental gene thearpy method for dealing with one of the most debilitating aspects of Parkinson’s – dyskinesias. Ironically, their approach involves the same calcium channels that Isradipine blocks. In today’s post, we will look at what dyskinesias are, what gene therapy is, and how this new approach could be useful for people currently burdened by these involutary movements.
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Dyskinesia. Source: JAMA Neurology
There is a normal course of events following a diagnosis of Parkinson’s.
Yes, I am grossly over-generalising.
And no, I’m not talking from personal experience (this is based on listening to a lot of people), but just go with me on this for the sake of discussion.
First comes the shock of the actual diagnosis. For many it is devastating news – an event that changes the course of their lives. For others, however, the words ‘you have Parkinson’s‘ can provide a strange sense of relief that their current situation has a name and gives them something to focus on.
This initial phase is usually followed by the roller coaster of various emotions (including disbelief, sadness, anger, denial). It depends on each individual.
The emotional rollercoaster. Source: Asklatisha
And then comes the period during which many will try to familiarise themselves with their new situation. They will read books, search online for information, join Facebook groups (Click here for a good one), etc.
That search for information often leads to awareness of some of the realities of the condition.
And one potential reality that causes concern for many people (especially for people with young/early onset Parkinson’s) is dyskinesias.
What are dyskinesias?
The 2019 World Parkinson’s Congress
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I have a request to make of readers. I have been invited – with Parkinson’s advocate AC Woolnough – to conduct a round table at the upcoming 2019 World Parkinson’s Congress meeting in Kyoto. The round table is a discussion involving 10-20 people sitting around a table. Our topic will be how can we better align the efforts of researchers and patients. And this is where we would like your help. Or at least, we would like your input. Specifically, we are seeking topics for discussion at the table regarding how we can better join the goals/focus of the community on the research side of things. In today’s post, we look at what the World Parkinson’s congress is, how the round table topic came about, and what we are currently thinking regarding the structure of our roundtable session.
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Yasaka Pagoda and Sannen Zaka Street. Source: JT
It was the capital of Japan for more than one thousand years (from 794 to 1869).
It sits 315 miles southwest of Tokyo and 25 miles east of Osaka.
It was the setting of the world’s first novel in the world (Shikibu Murasaki’s The Tale of Genji).
It has over 1000 Buddhist temples (including the hugely impressive Fushimi-Inari-Taisha), and more than 2,000 temples and shrines collectively.
Fushimi-Inari-Taisha. Source: Medium
It has the oldest restaurant in Kyoto, Japan (called Honke Owariya, which was founded in 1465).
It had its own civil war – referred to as “Onin no Ran” (Onin War) – in the 15th century. The war lasted 11 years (1467-1477) and focused on two families of samurai warriors seeking power in Kyoto.
It is the home of the video game company Nintendo and Nightingale Floors:
It holds 20% of Japan’s National Treasures and 17 UNESCO World Heritage sites (including Kiyomizu-dera, Ryōan-ji, Saihō-ji, Tō-ji, and Kinkaku-ji.
It has 1.5 million residents (and 50 million tourists per year).
It consumes more bread and spends more money on coffee than any other city in Japan (I wonder why?).
It has the longest train platform in Japan (at JR Kyoto Station – 564 meters long!).
It is Kyoto.
Kinkaku-ji. Source: AWOL
And in June of this year, the World Parkinson’s congress will be held in this beautiful city.
What is the World Parkinson’s congress?
Monitoring Parkinson’s: Under pressure
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An important aspect of developing new potentially ‘curative’ treatments for Parkinson’s is our ability to accurately test and evaluate them. Our current methods of assessing Parkinson’s are basic at best (UPDRS and brain imaging), and if we do not improve our ability to measure Parkinson’s, many of those novel treatments will fail the clinical trial process and forever remain just “potentially” curative. Blood pressure issues are a common feature of Parkinson’s that does not get a lot of attention, but new technology could provide us with new insight. In today’s post, we look at new technology (under development) which could be applied to Parkinson’s, for the measuring and assessment of blood pressure, and we will look at how it could be used in certain clinical trials.
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Apple watch 4 (not an endorsement). Source: NewScientist
Late last year, the tech giant Apple released yet more new versions of their phones and watches (with much fanfare). And before we continue: this is not an advertisement or endorsement (unless Apple wants to talk to me???… ).
Of interest was the new version of their watch, which has a handy feature of being able to tell you when you have fallen over (a warning that one was about to fall would surely be more useful, no?).
Useful feature, but those buttons are rather close for anyone with a tremor. Source: ATT
And much was made about the ability of the watch to monitor heart rate, which is a very clever trick, particularly for people with atrial fibrillation (periods of abnormal activity in the atrials of the heart) – although there appear to a few issues to be ironed out (Click here to read more about this).
Source: USAtoday
Many of these smart watches and wrist band monitoring gadgets can now detect heart rate, but monitoring of blood pressure would actually be more useful for the Parkinson’s community.
What does blood pressure have to do with Parkinson’s?
I’ve got gum disease on my mind
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Earlier this year, a San Francisco-based biotech company – called Cortexyme – published a research report that grabbed my attention. The study presented data supporting an alternative theory of the cause of Alzheimer’s – one in which a bacteria involved in gum disease appears to be playing a leading role – and evidence that the company’s lead experimental compound COR388 could have beneficial effects in the treatment of the condition. While the study was intriguing, what completely blew my mind was the fact that the company had already tested COR388 in a couple of Phase I clinical trials, and since then they have initiated a large Phase II/III trial. In today’s post, we will discuss this new theory of Alzheimer’s, look at what Cortexyme are doing, and how this could relate to Parkinson’s.
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The dashed lines show associations. Source: Slideplayer
Before we start today’s post, a word on ‘associations‘.
Please remember while reading this material that association does not equate to causation.
So if I write something like “researchers have found an association between a type of bacteria that causes gum disease and Alzheimer’s”, it does not mean that someone with either condition necessarily has the other. It only means that they have both simply appeared in the same individuals at a higher than chance rate.
All clear?
Yes.
Good.
So what is today’s post about?
A very interesting report in which researchers have found an association between a type of bacteria that causes gum disease and Alzheimer’s.
Monthly Research Review – April 2019
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At the end of each month the SoPD writes a post which provides an overview of some of the major pieces of Parkinson’s-related research that were made available during April 2019. The post is divided into seven parts based on the type of research:
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So, what happened during April 2019?
In world news:
10th April – Scientists from the Event Horizon Telescope project announced the first ever image of a black hole. Located in the core of the Messier 87 galaxy (53 million light years from Earth), this supermassive black hole has a mass 6.5-billion times that of the Sun! The black hole’s boundary – the event horizon – is around 2.5 times smaller than the shadow it casts and measures just under 40 billion km across (about the size of Neptune’s orbit!!!).
10th April – Fossil fragments found in the Callao Cave in the Philippines revealled the existence of a new species of human, Homo luzonensis. The species is named after the island – Luzon – where it was discovered.
15th April – During Holy Week, a devastating fire engulfed the roof and main spire of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.
24th April – I am a big fan of Martin. Several years ago his video of the Marble machine took the internet by storm and since then I have been following his regular vlog updates on the construction of the new and improved Marble machine X. This week he took the new machine for its first test run – still has parts missing, but this is mesmerising to watch. If you don’t follow him you should!
In the world of Parkinson’s research, a great deal of new research and news was reported:
In April 2019, there were 730 research articles added to the Pubmed website with the tag word “Parkinson’s” attached (3134 for all of 2019 so far). In addition, there was a wave to news reports regarding various other bits of Parkinson’s research activity (clinical trials, etc).
The top 9 pieces of Parkinson’s news
All we need to do is block CD22?
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Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain – they maintain law and order when trouble kicks off. And when things get really bad, these cells change shape, become “activated”, and start to absorb toxins, debris and anything else that they feel should not be there – via a process called phagocytosis. And they are ruthless in this task. When we are young, these cells function very well at maintaining a general sense of ‘homeostasis‘ (or stable equilibrium). But as we age,… well, let’s just say things start to slip a little. Recently a group of researchers at Stanford University have discovered by inhibiting a single protein, called CD22, they can restore microglial homeostasis in the ageing brain, and this had beneficial effects in a model of Parkinson’s. In today’s post, we will look at what microglia are, what phagocytosis is, and what these new CD22 results could mean for Parkinson’s.
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Source: Brucesallan
My father often says: Ageing is not for sissies.
And as the birthdays have started to mount up, I’ve come to better understand what he means.
There are days when I feel like an old man trapped in a 27 year old’s body. For the record, I’m 27. And for the record, I’m going to be 27 until I die (27 was a great year!).
An amazing journey. Source: Topsimages
While some are able (and foolishly gleeful) to avoid taxes, until recently no one has been able to escape the rentless march of ageing. Until recently, the vast majority of us have been resigned to our fates. And until recently, the fountain of youth has only existed in the realm of the Hollywood movies.
The force is strong with this one. Source: Reddit
Until recently?
Recently there has been an enormous amount of research focused on stopping ageing and preventing death (both of which are being viewed as “curable diseases” – click here to read more about this). Now to be honest, much of this is still quackery.
But there does seem to be progress being made in the biology of extending ‘healthspan’ (as opposed to lifespan).
And some of that research could have implications for Parkinson’s.
Such as?
